What does the term "separation of powers" refer to?

The term "separation of powers" specifically refers to the division of government responsibilities among different branches, primarily the legislative, executive, and judicial branches. This principle is foundational to the structure of the U.S. government as outlined in the Constitution, ensuring that no single branch becomes too powerful. Each branch has its own distinct powers and responsibilities: the legislative branch makes the laws, the executive branch enforces the laws, and the judicial branch interprets the laws. By separating these powers, the framers of the Constitution aimed to create a system of checks and balances where each branch can monitor and limit the actions of the others, thereby protecting the liberties of citizens and preventing tyranny. This design is crucial for maintaining a balanced and fair government, reinforcing the rule of law within the federal system.